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Ancient DNA pulls back curtain on mysterious empire
  + stars: | 2024-04-27 | by ( Katie Hunt | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +6 min
Editor’s note: A version of this story appeared in CNN’s Wonder Theory science newsletter. Analysis of ancient DNA recovered from human remains has illuminated the traits and ancestry of historic individuals — be it a mummified iceman, Chinese emperor or legendary composer. The origins of the empire and its people remained obscure until a landmark April 2022 study found they hailed from the Mongolian steppe. Carolyn Kaster/APNaturalists have spotted the first arrivals in this spring’s historic cicada dual emergence. Sign up here to receive in your inbox the next edition of Wonder Theory, brought to you by CNN Space and Science writers Ashley Strickland and Katie Hunt.
Persons: It’s, Loki, Gerald Eichstädt, Thomas Thomopoulos, , Scott Bolton, Bolton, George Mallory, Andrew Irvine, Mallory, Ruth, Carolyn Kaster, haven’t, you’re, , Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum, NASA, Voyager, JPL, Caltech, Southwest Research Institute, Magdalene College , Cambridge, AP Naturalists, — Boeing, — Surgeons, Hubble, CNN Space, Science Locations: Rákóczifalva, Hungary, Central, Eastern Europe, Mount, United Kingdom, Macon , Georgia, South, Midwest
CNN —Close flybys of Io, one of Jupiter’s moons and the most volcanically active world in our solar system, have revealed a lava lake and a towering feature called “Steeple Mountain” on the moon’s alien surface. “We also got some great close-ups and other data on a 200-kilometer-long (127-mile-long) lava lake called Loki Patera. Juno detected the mountain with the help of the sun shining on Io’s surface, which created dramatic shadows that revealed a very sharp peak. NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSSAs an outdoors enthusiast, Bolton joked that Io’s Steeple Mountain should be one of the solar system’s skiing and snowboarding destinations. The mission team used Juno’s Microwave Radiometer instrument to create maps of Io’s surface, showing how incredibly smooth it is.
Persons: , Scott Bolton, , Loki Patera, Gerald Eichstädt, Thomas Thomopoulos, ” Bolton, Bolton, Galileo Galilei, Hera Organizations: CNN, Southwest Research Institute, NASA, JPL, Caltech, Bolton, European Geophysical Union General Assembly, Juno, Science, , Galileo Locations: Vienna, Chile
Voyager 1’s flight data system collects information from the spacecraft’s science instruments and bundles it with engineering data that reflects its current health status. But since November, Voyager 1’s flight data system had been stuck in a loop. By investigating the readout, the team determined the cause of the issue: 3% of the flight data system’s memory is corrupted. Members of the Voyager flight team celebrate after receiving the first coherent data from Voyager 1 in five months at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory on April 20. And younger engineers are coming onto the Voyager team and contributing their knowledge to keep the mission going.”
Persons: they’ve, , Linda Spilker, , Suzanne Dodd, “ We’ve, we’ve Organizations: CNN, NASA, Voyager, JPL, Network, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech
In the shadow of the Rocky Mountains, with an elevation one mile closer to space than sea level, lies an area that's home to a burgeoning cluster of aerospace businesses. Voyager Space CEO Dylan Taylor traveled to space on a Blue Origin flight in 2021. For Voyager, that's been true. For Taylor, who has been to space himself after a trip on Blue Origin's New Shepard, the Denver-Boulder space story extends beyond Voyager too. Denver area startup Orbit Fab is building refueling ports for satellites that will allow them to fuel up in space.
Persons: Dylan Taylor, CNBC's Morgan Brennan, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, RTX, Jeff Bezos, Morgan Brennan, Sen, John Hickenlooper, Hickenlooper, that's, Taylor, Shepard, He's, Northrop, Daniel Faber, Orbit, Faber Organizations: Buckley Space Force, CNBC, Aerospace, Colorado Space Coalition, Voyager, Denver . Voyager, AFP, Getty, Lockheed, Boeing, Northrop, Launch Alliance, BAE Systems, Space, Space Station, Airbus, Mitsubishi, Northrop Grumman, AAA Locations: Colorado, CNBC's, Rocky, Denver, Boulder, California, Silicon Valley
Bankman-Fried, the founder and former CEO of failed crypto exchange FTX, will head on Thursday to a federal court in downtown Manhattan, where U.S. District Judge Lewis Kaplan will deliver his sentencing. After a month of personally dabbling in the market, Bankman-Fried launched Alameda Research, named after the California county that housed his first office. The so-called crypto winter of 2022 wiped out hedge funds and lenders across the crypto universe. May of 2022 brought the crash of stablecoin Luna, creating a domino effect that sent crypto prices plunging, devastating other lenders. On Nov. 2, 2022, crypto trade site CoinDesk publicized details of Alameda's balance sheet, which showed $14.6 billion in assets.
Persons: Samuel Bankman, MacKenzie Sigalos, Sam Bankman, Fried, Damian Williams, District Judge Lewis Kaplan, they'd, FTX, Amr Alfiky, Jane Street, Goldman Sachs, stablecoin Luna, Solana, Changpeng Zhao, Binance, Zhao, Jane Rosenberg, he'd, Cromwell, John J, Ray, confidants, — CNBC's Rohan Goswami Organizations: CNBC, Metropolitan Detention, U.S, District, Prosecutors, Reuters, Jane, Alameda Research, Formula, Democratic, Voyager, Alameda, FTX, Industry, Investors, Enron, Securities and Exchange Commission, Stanford University Locations: San Francisco, he's, Brooklyn, Manhattan, U.S, New York City, South Korea, Alameda, California, Miami, Washington, Solana, FTX, New York, Palo Alto , California
Instead, the company utilizes flight tests to gather crucial data and make improvements before the next vehicle rolls out for liftoff. Defying gravityThe SpaceX Starship spacecraft lifts off from the Starbase in Boca Chica, Texas, on Thursday. Chandan Khanna/AFP/Getty ImagesStarship’s eventful third test flight achieved multiple milestones before ending prematurely and likely breaking apart. The spacecraft was expected to splash down in the Indian Ocean at the end of its hourlong flight, but SpaceX lost Starship’s signal shortly after the vehicle reentered Earth’s atmosphere. However, the third flight of Starship flew longer and higher than either of the previous tests.
Persons: Chandan Khanna, axolotls, Stephen Dalton, , Randal Voss, Jiji Press, James Webb, , Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, NASA, SpaceX, Getty, Starship, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, NASA’s, Golden Records, Clipper, Japan Monkey, Jiji, Gorillas, James Webb Space Telescope, CNN Space, Science Locations: South Texas, Texas, Boca Chica , Texas, Turkey, Xochimilco, Inuyama, United States, Columbia , South Carolina, Panama, , Scarborough , England
A Latam Airlines Boeing 787 dropped midair Monday, injuring at least 50 people. If true, that would be reminiscent of when a military Airbus A330 suddenly nose-dived in 2014. A pilot-seat mishap sent a military Airbus A330 plummetingTen years ago, on February 9, 2014, a Royal Air Force Airbus A330 plummeted 4,400 feet in about 30 seconds. The Boeing 787 system involved has a fly-by-wire system, but instead of a side-stick, the planemaker has installed the traditional yoke. A Singapore Airlines Boeing 787 flight simulator shows the fly-by-wire system uses a yoke instead of the Airbus' side-stick.
Persons: , Paul Crouch, RAF Brize, armrest, Taylor Rains Organizations: Latam Airlines Boeing, Airbus, Service, CNN, Street, Royal Air Force Airbus, British military's Voyager, RAF, RAF Brize Norton, UK's Military Aviation Authority, Military Aviation, Boeing, Singapore Airlines Boeing Locations: Sydney, Auckland , New Zealand, Kabul, Bastion, Afghanistan
NASA engineers may have found a clever trick to bring Voyager 1 back from the brink. The probe, showing its age, has been sending back garbled data since November. Engineers sent a "poke" to the ancient probe and received a surprising response. Undeterred, NASA engineers have been working to rescue the data. A "poke" sent to Voyager 1's internal systems on March 3 may have brought it back from the brink, NASA announced on Wednesday.
Persons: Organizations: Engineers, Service, NASA, Business
A new signal recently received from the spacecraft suggests that the NASA mission team may be making progress in its quest to understand what Voyager 1 is experiencing. Voyager 1’s flight data system collects information from the spacecraft’s science instruments and bundles it with engineering data that reflects the current health status of Voyager 1. But since November, Voyager 1’s flight data system has been stuck in a loop. On March 3, the team noticed that activity from one part of the flight data system stood out from the rest of the garbled data. The decoded signal included a readout of the entire flight data system’s memory, according to an update NASA shared.
Persons: , Suzanne Dodd Organizations: CNN — Engineers, NASA, Voyager, Network, CNN
CNN —When NASA’s Europa Clipper aims to launch on its highly anticipated mission to an icy moon in October, the spacecraft will carry a unique design etched with names, poetry and artwork symbolizing humanity. This latest mission is headed to Jupiter’s moon Europa, one of several lunar ocean worlds considered to be the best places to search for life beyond Earth. NASA/JPL-CaltechA planetary legacyEarly NASA probes such as Pioneer 10 and Voyager have continued to inspire the artwork that travels aboard other planetary science missions. “The content and design of Europa Clipper’s vault plate are swimming with meaning,” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division, in a statement. “We’ve packed a lot of thought and inspiration into this plate design, as we have into this mission itself,” said Robert Pappalardo, project scientist at JPL, in a statement.
Persons: Ada Limón, Ron Greeley, Drake, Frank Drake, , Lori Glaze, Robert Pappalardo, “ It’s Organizations: CNN, Clipper, Parker, Probe, National Oceanic, Atmospheric Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, , US, Arizona State University, University of California, NASA, JPL, Caltech, Planetary Science, Europa Clipper Locations: Pasadena , California, Europa, University of California Santa Cruz
The lines between climate tech and infrastructure startups have become increasingly blurred. Investments in infrastructure startups over time. Permitting remains a massive roadblock for climate projects and modularity can be one way to "get around some of those hurdles," added Ben Wolkon, partner at MUUS Climate Partners. Modular tech can also be distributed and containerized, with some startups hoping to roll out with partners on-site. It's not just industrial startups that are going modular and distributed — it encompasses carbon capture, water filtration, food systems, and energy, said Regeneration.VC's Hoffman.
Persons: Katie Hoffman, Mike Schroepfer, Seonghoon Woo, Tim Boeltken, Sierra Peterson, Ben Wolkon, It's, Regeneration.VC's Hoffman Organizations: Business, Venture, Investments, Facebook, Gigascale, MUUS Climate Partners Locations: Paris, New York
Elon Musk posted on X that he has a Voyager golden record. Two golden records went to space on the twin Voyager spacecraft. AdvertisementBut his post had me wondering: Who has the original golden records? When I started looking into the golden records, I noticed conflicting numbers for how many originals were created. While the golden records on the Voyager spacecraft are expected to last over a billion years, Lomberg said the probes will probably crash on another planet or star eventually.
Persons: Elon Musk, , Musk, Carter, U.N, General Waldheim, Carter couldn't, Jon Lomberg, Lomberg, Carl Sagan, wasn't, Sagan, Calla Cofield, Cofield Organizations: NASA, Service, SpaceX, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL, Propulsion Laboratory, Space Center Kennedy Space Center Glenn Research Center Langley Research Center Goddard Space Flight, National Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian The, United Nations, Langley Research Center, Sotheby's
Cummings started working on the Voyager mission when he was a graduate student at Caltech in 1973, about four years before the two spacecraft launched. Voyagers' enduranceThe Voyager mission has been gathering groundbreaking data and photos since the beginning. Before Voyager, Cummings was part of an experiment to measure cosmic rays using a balloon. "It was very fortunate for me," he said, because he was able to then join the Voyager mission. NASA/JPL-CaltechIn 2012, Voyager 1 became the first human-made spacecraft to enter interstellar space and Voyager 2 followed six years later.
Persons: , Alan Cummings, Cummings, Alan Cummings Voyagers, Saturn, Carl Sagan, Voyagers, they'll, JPL Cummings, There's Organizations: Service, Caltech, Business, Hubble, NASA, Engineers, JPL Locations: Manitoba, Canada, Russia
CNN —Astronomers have discovered three previously unknown moons around Uranus and Neptune, the most distant planets in our solar system. In the future, the tiny satellite will be named after a Shakespearean character, in keeping with the tradition of Uranus’ moons bearing literary names. He worked with Marina Brozovic and Bob Jacobson of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, to determine the moon’s orbit. The outer moons orbiting all the giant planets across our solar system — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune — share similar configurations. “Even Uranus, which is tipped on its side, has a similar moon population to the other giant planets orbiting our Sun,” Sheppard said.
Persons: , Scott S, Sheppard, Marina Brozovic, Bob Jacobson, Scott Sheppard, David Tholen, Chad Trujillo, Patryk Sofia Lykawka, ” Sheppard, Neptune Organizations: CNN —, Carnegie Institution for Science, Planet, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Carnegie Science, Subaru, University of Hawaii, Northern Arizona University, Kindai University Locations: Chile, Pasadena , California, Kea, Japan, Neptune
Read previewVoyager was one of NASA's most ambitious missions, and Jupiter is arguably our solar system's most beautiful planet. Jupiter as seen by Voyager 1 (left) is far less detailed than this enhanced imaged of Jupiter captured by Juno. NASA / JPL; NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Rita Najm © (CC BY)The planet's iconic Great Red Spot is an anticyclone large enough to swallow Earth. Juno captured this close-up of Jupiter's Great Red Spot (right) in sharper detail than Voyager 1 did (left). Jupiter's reddish-orange South Temperate Belt, with the Great Red Spot, the most dominant atmospheric feature in the planet's southern hemisphere.
Persons: , Bradford Smith, NASA Voyager, Tanya Oleksuik, Rita Najm, Gerald Eichstädt, Seán Doran Juno, Alain Mirón Velázquez, Kevin M, Gill, Navaneeth Krishnan Organizations: Service, NASA, Business, JPL, Juno, Caltech, Space Locations: Jupiter
AdvertisementInterstellar travel is only something humanity has achieved in science fiction — like Star Trek's USS Enterprise, which used antimatter engines to travel across star systems. "Annihilation of antimatter and matter converts mass directly into energy," Weed, cofounder and CEO of Positron Dynamics, a company working to develop an antimatter propulsion system, told Business Insider. Space travel at record speedProxima's star system, shown here, could be reached in just five years with antimatter-powered technology. For example, let's take a trip to our nearest star system, Proxima, about 4.2 light years away. And since the '80s, there's been talk of thermal antimatter engines, which would use antimatter to heat liquid, gas, or plasma to provide thrust.
Persons: Elon Musk, Ryan Weed, Weed, Brice, Maximilien, Gerald Jackson, Forbes, It's, Jackson, he's, Eugen Sänger, there's, Paul M, Sutter, Steve Howe, Howe Organizations: Enterprise, Dynamics, Southern, NASA, CERN, Fermilab, Hbar Technologies, Space, Alpha Locations: Switzerland, Austrian
Read previewPresident Biden has won quite a few fans in the climate tech sector during this time in office. Legislation, including the IRA, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and the CHIPS and Science Act, has unlocked enormous amounts of capital that bolsters climate tech innovation and adoption. The Swiss company would have expanded Stateside eventually, but such policies helped it pick up pace, said Andrew Fishbein, Climeworks' senior policy manager in the US. For example, Regeneration VC doesn't factor subsidies into its investment decisions or portfolio companies' financial projections. Advertisement"Who knows, maybe 2024 is going to be a banner year for climate tech," he said.
Persons: , Biden, Sierra Peterson, Anna, Alexia Basile, Katie Hoffman, Hoffman, Climeworks, Andrew Fishbein, We're, Kevin Stevens, Trump, VC's Hoffman, Energize Capital's Stevens, Ben Wolkon Organizations: Service, Business, Voyager Ventures, Infrastructure Law, Regeneration, Battery, Trump, Future, Department of Energy, Energize Capital, MUUS Climate Partners Locations: Paris, Nevada , Arizona, Louisiana, North Dakota, California, Swiss, Washington
Read previewClimate tech VC firm Voyager Ventures has raised another fund hot on the heels of its first, bringing its assets under management to $200 million. The new fund can invest alongside or after Voyager Fund I and independently where it has developed competitive access. AdvertisementThe fund hit final close in May 2023, which was previously undisclosed, just 15 months after closing its first fund. It is also eyeing the second edition of the earlier-stage Voyager Fund, which Peterson and Sclarsic will start raising this year. Voyager Ventures currently has 19 portfolio companies across the two funds.
Persons: , Sierra Peterson, Sarah Sclarsic, Peterson, Sclarsic Organizations: Service, Voyager Ventures, Business, Voyager, Northwestern University, Novo Holdings Locations: San Francisco and New York, North America, Europe
CNN —Astronomers have uncovered additional evidence that one of Saturn’s smallest moons, Mimas, is hiding a global ocean beneath its icy surface. Discovered in 1789 by English astronomer William Herschel as a tiny dot near Saturn, Mimas was first imaged from space by the Voyager probes in 1980. Craters cover the surface of Mimas, but the largest one is 80 miles (about 130 kilometers) across and causes the moon to resemble the Death Star from the “Star Wars” films. But Saturn’s Enceladus appears younger because active geysers have contributed to resurfacing, or depositing of new, fresh material on that moon’s surface. “Mimas certainly demonstrates that moons with old surfaces can be hiding young oceans, which is pretty exciting,” Rhoden said.
Persons: Mimas, Cassini, William Herschel, Observatoire, Dr, Valéry Lainey, Lainey, , Nick Cooper, Saturn, ” Lainey, , Triton, Frédéric, ” Cooper, “ Lainey, Matija Ćuk, Alyssa Rose Rhoden, Rhoden Organizations: CNN —, Saturn, Voyager, , Physical, Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, NASA, Clipper, SETI Institute, Southwest Research Locations: Paris, California, Colorado
Antarctic Peninsula CNN —About 15 billion miles from where you sit, two 12-inch golden records are hurtling through outer space with multilingual greetings to the universe from 55 humans and one humpback whale. WWF's Johnson said the whales are not harmed by this -- to the whales, the dart feels like "a mosquito bite." It feels like “a mosquito bite” to the whales, Johnson said, but what they can test for is priceless: from stress hormones to toxins to — most importantly — pregnancy rates. Ten million copies were inserted into National Geographic magazine in 1979 — the largest single pressing in history — and a global movement to Save The Whales grew big enough to … save the whales. Seth Wenig/AP“I don’t think a wind turbine can kill a whale,” Friedlaender told CNN.
Persons: Anderson Cooper, Carl Sagan, ” Sagan, could’ve, , Ari Friedlaender, Friedlaender, , Chris Johnson, ” Eva Prendergast, WWF's Johnson, Evelio Contreras, Bill Weir, Johnson, ” Friedlaender, Shepherd, WWF’s Johnson, Roger, Katy Payne, David Keyton, Frank Watlington, cetologist Scott McVay, Donald Trump, ” Trump, Seth Wenig, that’s, Biden, ” Johnson, Twain, CNN “, ” Brenda McCowan, Fred Sharpe, ” McCowan, ’ ” Sharpe, Natalia Botero, Acosta, , Maria Camila Medina Martínez, Julian Quinones, ” Carl Sagan Organizations: Antarctic Peninsula CNN, , ” CNN CNN, University of California, International Monetary Fund, World Wildlife Fund, Ocean Endeavor, CNN, UC Santa Cruz, Shepherd Global, Norwegian Aker, United Nations, Geographic, Whales, International Whaling Commission, Atlantic, Republican, Templeton Foundation, Whale SETI, UC Davis Locations: Santa Cruz, Colombia, British, Antarctica, Norwegian, Southern, Orkney, Bermuda, Japan, Norway, Iceland, Atlantic, South Carolina, Lido Beach , New York, Davis, Alaska, Columbia, Colombian, Tribuga, United Nations, Palau, Chile, Maldives
An artist's rendering of the Starlab space station in low Earth orbit. Private station Starlab will fly on a Starship rocket later this decade to get to orbit, the companies' developing both spacecraft announced on Wednesday. Starlab represents one of the earliest commercial customers to order a Starship launch from SpaceX. The station is one of several currently in development by U.S. companies, as NASA prepares to retire the International Space Station in 2030. The space station's four-year development and construction timeline also gives SpaceX time to move forward with Starship, advancing from demonstration flights to launching customer spacecraft.
Persons: Starlab, Hilton – Organizations: Voyager Space, Airbus, Northrop Grumman, SpaceX, NASA, Space Station, Voyager Locations: U.S
download the appSign up to get the inside scoop on today’s biggest stories in markets, tech, and business — delivered daily. Read previewPrison is awesome, says disgraced crypto star Su Zhu. "You have an insane amount of time to read," Zhu said. AdvertisementAnother prison plus, Zhu said, is that the facility lights are shut off from 9:30 p.m. to 5:30 a.m., allowing for the "best sleep in my life." Since leaving prison, Zhu has been posting AI-generated photos of oxen and buffalo on X, in an attempt to promote a new crypto project called Ox.Fun.
Persons: , Su Zhu, Zhu, Jack Reacher, Kyle Davies, Liquidators Organizations: Service, Arrows Capital, Business, Three Arrows, Voyager, The New York Times Locations: Singapore, Bali, Bahrain, Dubai, The
Opinion: The actual hidden truth about UFOs
  + stars: | 2024-01-26 | by ( Peter Bergen | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +11 min
CNN —A former Pentagon official — driven, he says, by his duty to the truth — goes public with an explosive allegation. Facing a scrum of TV cameras and members of Congress, this official claims that the US government has been keeping crashed alien spaceships under wraps for decades. Crashed alien spacecraft and dead extraterrestrials, right there in the Congressional Record. Because, for decades, UFO true believers have been telling us there’s a US government conspiracy to hide evidence of aliens. But — if you believe Kirkpatrick — the more mundane truth is that these stories are being pumped up by a group of UFO true believers in and around government.
Persons: Peter Bergen, , Erik German, , CNN —, David Grusch, he’d, Grusch, must’ve, Sean Kirkpatrick, Kirkpatrick, Tom Williams, ” Kirkpatrick, Naval Intelligence Scott Bray, Kevin Dietsch, It’s, you’ve, Harry Reid, Robert Bigelow, ’ ”, Sen, Chip Somodevilla, Reid, Bigelow, ” Reid, “ I’m, who’d Organizations: New, Arizona State University, Apple, Spotify, CNN, Pentagon, Air Force, SPAN, US Department of Defense, Defense, National Security, Foreign Affairs, Naval Intelligence, Intelligence, Capitol, Roswell Army Air Field, Army, Newspapers, Roswell, US Air Force, NASA Voyager, Walker, Roswell AAF, Reuters, Nevada Democrat, Bigelow Aerospace, US Defense Intelligence Agency, New York Times Locations: New America, Roswell, New Mexico, Florida, Nevada, Washington ,
From close-up views of Jupiter to a stunning look a Saturn's rings , the Voyager probes have helped shape our understanding of the solar system. AdvertisementNASA's Voyager probes entered interstellar space in 2012 and 2018. It would take another 50 years for another vehicle to reach interstellar space, Dodd said. NASA tested and launched the Voyager probes in the 1970s. AdvertisementThe Voyager probes are carrying golden records that could communicate with aliens.
Persons: , They've, Suzanne Dodd, Dodd, it's, Dodd isn't Organizations: NASA, Service, Voyager, JPL, Caltech, CalTech
Neptune, long believed to be dark blue, is actually very pale like Uranus, scientists say. Related storiesFor decades, famous images from NASA's Voyager 2 mission have circulated showing Neptune in a deep azure tone. Side-by-side comparison of the Voyager 2 images of Neptune and Uranus as reprocessed by scientists at the University of Oxford. Voyager 2's images of Uranus, from 1986, however, were published in a form closer to "true" color, he added. Neptune is just a touch bluer, which the researchers attribute to a thinner haze layer on the planet.
Persons: , Patrick Irwin, Neptune, Irwin Organizations: NASA's, Service, University of Oxford, Oxford, NASA, JPL, Caltech, Handout, Reuters, Guardian, Hubble, Southern
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